Send an HTML email with embedded image and plain text alternate

Recipe 473810: Send an HTML email with embedded image and plain text alternate

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HTML is the method of choice for those wishing to send emails with rich text, layout and graphics. Often it is desirable to embed the graphics within the message so recipients can display the message directly, without further downloads.

Some mail agents don't support HTML or their users prefer to receive plain text messages. Senders of HTML messages should include a plain text message as an alternate for these users.

This recipe sends a short HTML message with a single embedded image and an alternate plain text message.

Python

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# Send an HTML email with an embedded image and a plain text message for # email clients that don't want to display the HTML. from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart from email.MIMEText import MIMEText from email.MIMEImage import MIMEImage # Define these once; use them twice! strFrom = 'from@example.com' strTo = 'to@example.com' # Create the root message and fill in the from, to, and subject headers msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related') msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message' msgRoot['From'] = strFrom msgRoot['To'] = strTo msgRoot.preamble = 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.' # Encapsulate the plain and HTML versions of the message body in an # 'alternative' part, so message agents can decide which they want to display. msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative') msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative) msgText = MIMEText('This is the alternative plain text message.') msgAlternative.attach(msgText) # We reference the image in the IMG SRC attribute by the ID we give it below msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>Nifty!', 'html') msgAlternative.attach(msgText) # This example assumes the image is in the current directory fp = open('test.jpg', 'rb') msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read()) fp.close() # Define the image's ID as referenced above msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>') msgRoot.attach(msgImage) # Send the email (this example assumes SMTP authentication is required) import smtplib smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.example.com') smtp.login('exampleuser', 'examplepass') smtp.sendmail(strFrom, strTo, msgRoot.as_string()) smtp.quit()

Discussion

While the practice of embedding images within the message provides a better experience for many users than linking to web-hosted images does it is important to consider the impact this has on message size and consequently on message download time.

An alternative implementation for sending HTML messages is provided in this recipe http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/67083, though it doesn't address embedding images and was written before the email package was incorporated into Python. The email package and its MIME-handling capabilities significantly reduce the amount of code required.